Immunosuppressive drug assaying: A challenge for renal transplantation

[Immunosuppressive therapy in renal transplantation].

In 1960, the beneficial effect on allograft survival of 6-mercaptopurine (6-MP) was demonstrated. In 1961, azathioprine, a less toxic derivative of 6-MP, was synthesized and soon became the main form of maintenance therapy. Around the same time, clinical studies of the effects of corticosteroids on the immune system were being conducted and successful reversal of rejection with cortisone was re...

Poly Drug Use - A Challenge for Drug Treatment

Poly-drug use refers to the use of two or more substances at the one time or repeatedly. It is common among both recreational and regular drug users across the world. Poly-drug use is a great contributor to the global number of deaths related to drug overdose. In this case, the likelihood of drug overdose and its pertaining complications in an individual is higher especially when benzodiazepine...

Drug abuse among nurses: A neglected challenge

Drug dependence is a prominent issue in individuals of different professions, education levels, and socioeconomic classes. Authors of this paper, including the first author (as a qualified clinical nurse and nursing supervisor), aimed to address the challenges associated with substance abuse and the subsequent failure in interactions between healthcare personnel and patients referring to clinic...

LECTURE Low toxicity immunosuppressive protocols in renal transplantation

With the development of increasingly potent new immunosuppressive agents, the outcomes after renal transplantation have continued to improve. However, patients continue to require long term chronic immunosuppression. The toxicities associated with cyclosporine, azathioprine, prednisone, and anti-lymphocyte antibodies are well known; those associated with the newer agents, tacrolimus, mycophenol...

Immunosuppressive therapy and breast-feeding after renal transplantation.